08 MARCH 2026
Every moment of the day, a child’s brain is taking in information from the world around them. What they see, hear, touch, taste, smell, and feel through movement all sends messages to the brain. In this article and video, Ben Stamper, our Occupational Therapy Apprentice, shares an overview of sensory processing and how to support your child.
Sensory processing is the way the brain organises and makes sense of this constant flow of information so children can respond appropriately. When sensory processing is working well, children can play, learn, and manage their emotions more easily. When it becomes challenging, everyday experiences can feel overwhelming or, in some cases, not stimulating enough. This can affect a child’s behaviour, attention, and ability to cope with daily routines.
Understanding the eight sensory systems
While most people think of the five senses, the body actually relies on eight sensory systems. Alongside sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell, there are three additional systems that play a vital role in daily life.
The vestibular system supports balance and coordination and helps children understand movement. Proprioception gives awareness of where the body is in space, helping children judge pressure, force, and movement. Interoception allows children to sense what is happening inside their bodies, such as feeling hungry, thirsty, tired, or cold.
When these systems work together effectively, children feel more regulated and confident in their environment.
Different sensory responses in children
Children can respond to sensory input in a variety of ways, and these responses may change depending on the situation. Some children are sensory seekers, actively craving movement, touch, or sound. They may appear constantly on the go, running, jumping, climbing, or touching everything around them.
Other children are sensory avoiders, becoming overwhelmed by loud noises, strong smells, busy spaces, or certain textures. Some may be sensory under-responsive and appear not to notice sensory input, reacting more slowly to what is happening around them.
It’s important to remember that children rarely fit into just one category. A child may seek sensory input in one area while avoiding it in another.
Observing sensory processing
One of the most effective ways to support a child’s sensory needs is through observation. Paying attention to what helps a child feel calm, what causes stress, and what supports emotional regulation can reveal useful patterns.
By noticing when a child struggles and when they thrive, adults can begin to understand how their sensory system works. This understanding forms the foundation for meaningful support.
Planning and preparing for sensory challenges
Once patterns are identified, planning and preparation can reduce stress for both children and families. If certain environments or situations are challenging, small adjustments can make a big difference. Visiting places at quieter times, preparing a child for what to expect, or agreeing on a plan if things feel overwhelming can help children feel more secure.
Bringing familiar sensory items, such as ear defenders or calming objects, can also provide reassurance and support regulation.
Building sensory support into daily life
Supporting sensory processing is not just about managing difficult moments, it’s about meeting sensory needs throughout the day. Sensory seekers may benefit from regular movement breaks, active play, or deep pressure activities. Children who avoid sensory input may need quiet, low-stimulus spaces where they can relax and decompress.
Every child’s sensory profile is unique, and it may take time to discover what works best. With patience, observation, and flexibility, families can help children feel more comfortable, confident, and supported in their everyday lives.